![]() ![]() ĭifferent other factors have been discussed as important to the state of the oral cavity during the pregnancy and in the reproductive age. The authors show that the presence of depressive signals and symptoms was higher in pregnant women with dental caries experience, diverse severity of untreated dental caries, tooth loss, and filled tooth. Findings of the researchers from Pelotas show the far effect of dental caries in this group of patients, discussing that even depression is mediated by self-perception about oral health. As the sugar-rich diet has an influence on the bacterial load, its’ direct effect are dental caries, a common and costly disease in pregnant women. Proper healthy diet during pregnancy represents a positive influence on reducing the gingival and periodontal inflammation. Special care of the oral cavity in women during pregnancy might be considered when food cravings to sweet food appear, influencing the change in the dental plaque formation pattern. ![]() Bacteremia, which indirectly triggers the hepatic acute phase response, enhances the production of cytokines, prostaglandins (PGE2), and interleukins (IL-6, IL-8). Finally untreated gingival inflammation, which can be reversible leads to periodontitis with periodontal attachment and bone loss and to the formation of periodontal pockets in the development periodontal diseases. Although the plaque levels is declared to remain unchanged during the pregnancy, the gingival inflammation of pregnant women is significantly increased and peaked in the third trimester but dropped only at 3 months postpartum. It leads to gums swelling and spontaneous or provoked gingival bleeding. Furthermore, in combination with oral pathological flora, an increased hormone level changes and decreases immune response is shown. The most frequent signs of gingival inflammation are related to increased levels of estrogen which disrupts proliferation and differentiation of cells and keratinization of epithelium, and increased levels of progesterone which changes vessels’ permeability and microcirculation in gingiva. In many clinical studies and meta-analyses the main association between the signs of periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth, low birth weight, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, vulvovaginitis, premature rupture membranes has been presented. The presence and frequency of different oral problems of gums and teeth, mostly gingivitis, dental erosion, halitosis and pregnancy epulis have been described and are well known. Gynecologists should inquire pregnant women if they have done dental examination, and provide wider education about importance of oral health in pregnancy.Īlthough pregnancy is a physiological process, it causes hormonal changes that affect also the oral cavity. The knowledge of women concerning of oral health on the management of pregnancy and development of fetus is still insufficient. Both higher frequency of problems concerning the oral cavity and dental treatment during pregnancy were significantly related to the younger age of mothers. A significant correlation between higher birth weight and more frequent daily tooth brushing was observed. The knowledge of the importance of oral health during pregnancy presented by the majority of mothers was relatively proper, which was strongly connected with higher education status and living in big cities. As much as 24% of women pointed out lack of awareness of the importance of proper oral hygiene during pregnancy.Ĥ1.5% of investigated women declared complaints during the pregnancy concerning teeth or gums and 30.5% underwent dental treatment 68%, brushed their teeth properly-twice a day 32% of women observed deterioration of oral health state during the pregnancy. Only 20% of the investigated women underwent the oral examination before the pregnancy and the next 38.5% underwent it intentionally when the pregnancy had been confirmed. The questionnaire included demographic, and concerning the areas of oral health before and during pregnancy and after the childbirth questions. ![]() who gave birth in the gynecological clinic. In the study anonymous questionnaire was prepared and provided to be filled in by 200 mothers at the age from 19 to 44 y.o. The aim of this study was the self-assessment of women’s both oral health and oral health literacy as well as mothers’ awareness of the connection of oral health and pregnancy. Proper oral health is crucial both for mother and her babies and is related with mothers’ awareness of this connection. Pregnancy increases the risk of gum disease inflammation and tooth caries which could affect the health of the developing baby. Although pregnancy is a physiological process it causes hormonal changes that can also affect the oral cavity. ![]()
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